United States Courts.—(See Judiciary, Territorial.) The act of Congress which admitted Kansas into the Union provided, "That all the laws of the United States, which are not locally inapplicable, shall have the same force and effect within that state as in other states of the Union; and the said state is hereby constituted a judicial district of the United States, within which a district court, with like powers and jurisdiction as the district court of the United States for the District of Minnesota, shall be established; the judge, attorney and marshal of the United States, for the said District of Kansas, shall reside within the same, and shall be entitled to the same compensation as the judge, attorney and marshal of the District of Minnesota."

The district judge was required to hold two regular terms annually at the seat of government, and given the jurisdiction and powers defined under the usual legislation for the Western states. The first judge of the Federal court was Archibald Williams of Illinois, but since then there has never been an exception to the appointment of citizens of the the state. Williams was commissioned on March 8, 1861, and served until his death, in Sept., 1863. Mark W. Delahay, a citizen of Leavenworth county, formerly from Alabama, was commissioned on Oct. 7, 1863. Cassius G. Foster accepted a commission dated March 10, 1874, to succeed Delahay, who resigned. Foster was succeeded by William C. Hook, commissioned Jan. 31, 1899, by President McKinley, and upon his elevation to the circuit bench on Dec. 1, 1903, he was succeeded by John C. Pollock.

The list of district attorneys, with dates of commission, is as follows: John T. Burris, May 6, 1861; Robert Crozier, 1861; James S. Emery, 1864; Samuel A. Riggs, April 8, 1867; Albert H. Horton, May 25, 1869; C. J. Scofleld, June, 1873; George R. Peck, January, 1874; J. R. Hallowell, March 23, 1879; W. C. Perry, July 31, 1885; J. W. Ady, 1889; W. C. Perry, Sept. 8, 1893; I. E. Lambert, 1897; J. S. Dean, 1901; Harry J. Bone, Dec. i8, 1905.

The United States marshals have been Thomas A. Osborn, Charles C. Whiting, D. W. Houston, William S. Tough, Charles H. Miller, Benjamin F. Simpson, W. C. Jones, R. L. Walker, S. F. Neely, W. E. Sterne, L. S. Crum, and W. H. Mackey, Jr.