Finney County, in the southwestern part of the state, is the third county north
from the Oklahoma line and the third east from Colorado. It is bounded on the
north by Scott and Lane counties; on the east by Hodgeman and Gray; on the south
by Gray and Haskell, and on the west by Kearny county. This territory was
settled about 1880, but was traversed at early dates by Coronado (q. v.), Pike's
Expedition and the Santa Fe road. As proof of the presence of Coronado in Finney
county, historians cite the finding of an old two-edged sword in the
northeastern part of the county, with the name of Juan Gallego inscribed on it
and the following motto, which the Spanish were accustomed to put on their
weapons: "No me saques sin razon. No me enbaines sin honor." As the two-edged
swords went out of use about 1600, it must have been lost before that time.
Fowler's Journal of Glenn's expedition for Oct. 30, 1821, says: "We camped on an
Island Clothed with tall grass and Cotton Wood trees—the main Chanel on the
north Some Small Islands on the South with out trees." Coues located this island
about 8 or 10 miles above Garden City. The last Indian raid ever made through
Kansas, that of the northern Cheyennes under Chief Dull Knife, came through the
eastern part of this county on their way northward in 1878.
The same year
saw the first settlement, when William and James R. Foulton of Ohio located on
the site of Garden City. Their houses were the only ones in the county except a
section house at Sherlock and one at Pierceville. Very few people located in
this region until about 1884-85. However, several consecutive years of rain and
good crops brought settlers with a rush in 1885 and 1886. They were eastern
people accustomed to farming and living in ways which were entirely unfitted to
the climate of Finney county, and as a consequence had to devise new farming
methods and new implements suited to the soil had to be invented before much
success was achieved. Many of those who lacked the capital or the courage to do
this went back east in a few years, but those who stayed have been well paid for
their efforts, and they have been joined by enough newcomers to make land
valuable.
The county was organized in 1884 and named in honor of
Lieut.-Gov. David W. Finney. It then covered a much larger area than at present,
the counties of Kearny, Sequoyah, Grant, Arapahoe, Kansas, Stevens, Meade and
Clark, as they existed prior to 1883, were disorganized in that year to make
Finney. In 1887 the area was reduced, so that it occupied less territory than it
does now. In 1893 the present boundaries were formed. In Gov. Glick's
proclamation organizing the county, which was made on Oct. 1, 1884, Garden City
was named as the county seat and the following officers appointed:
Commissioners, H. M. Wheeler, A. B. Kramer and John Speer; county cleric, H. E.
Wentworth. The census at that time showed a population of 1,569 inhabitants, 375
of whom were householders.
The building of canals was begun early. The
first one was the Garden City canal, which was built in 1879. In 1881 the
Farmer's ditch was dug; in 1882 the Great Eastern canal; and in 1887 the Amazon,
with a capacity of 400 cubic feet and capable of irrigating 8,000 acres. These
ditches are in use at the present time, and many of the farmers who do not have
access to them irrigate with windmills. Many of them have learned to raise good
crops of certain vegetables without irrigation, by cultivating in such a manner
as to conserve moisture. A government irrigation plant was built at Deerfield a
few years ago at a cost of $250,000. The Arkansas river, which flows from west
to east through the southern part, furnishes water for irrigation purposes.
The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe F. R. follows the course of the river
through the county, running through Pierceville, Mansfield, Garden City and
Holcomb. The Garden City, Gulf & Northern R. R. extends north from Garden City
through Gillespie, Alfalfa and Tennis into Scott county. It is in process of
construction south into Haskell county. There are but seven townships, the
northeastern one being the territory which formerly comprised Garfield county.
The townships are: Garfield, Garden City, Ivanhoe, Pierceville, Pleasant Valley,
Sherlock and Terry. The postoffices are: Eminence, Essex, Friend, Garden City,
Holcomb, Imperial, Kalvesta, Pierceville, Ravanna and Terryton.
The
surface of the county is nearly level north of the Arkansas river, and
undulating prairie in the south, with a range of sand dunes. The bottom lands
along the Arkansas average 4 to 5 miles in width. Natural timber is very scarce,
there being but a few cottonwood trees. The government has set apart 70,000
acres, which covers nearly the whole area south of the river as a forest
reserve, and has planted the most of it to artificial forest. Magnesian
limestone of a fair quality and sandstone are found in the northeast. Clay for
bricks exists in various parts of the county and potter's clay and gypsum are
found in small quantities.
The area of the county is 829,440 acres, about
300,000 of which have been brought under cultivation. The value of farm products
is about $1,500,000 per year. The principal crop is sugar beets, which in 1910
brought $252,000. The next in importance is alfalfa. A great many of the
farmers, after cutting their alfalfa two or three times, let it go to seed, and
Finney county alfalfa seed took the gold medal at the Louisiana Purchase
exposition at St. Louis in 1904. Other grains and vegetables are also raised in
commercial quantities. Wheat, corn, oats, sorghum, broom-corn, barley, milo
maize and Kafir corn are important field crops. Live stock yields about $250,000
per year. Dairy products, poultry, eggs and honey bring nearly $100,000 yearly
to the farmers. There is a very fine and well equipped county farm with seldom
an inmate. The same is true of the county jail.
The assessed valuation of
property in Finney county in 1910 was $13,906,521, and the population in the
same year was 6,908, which makes the average wealth per capita a trifle over
$2,000. The gain in population from 1900 to 1910 was 3,439, or nearly 100 per
cent.
Contributed 2002 by Carolyn Ward, transcribed from Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. ... / with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence. Standard Pub. Co. Chicago: 1912. 3 v. in 4.: front., ill., ports.; 28 cm. Vols. I-II edited by Frank W. Blackmar, Volume I, Pages 642-644.
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